Digestion: Food break down,

• Digestion stages: Mechanical, chemical, absorption, egestion
• Parts of the digestive system : gullet, stomach, intestines, etc
• Nutrients: Carbohydrates, fats, fibre, minerals, vitamins and water.
• Balanced diet: A diet containing all these nutrients
   

The circulatory system: heart pumps blood around body in vessels

• Blood: Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets.
• Arteries: take blood away from heart, veins: return it to heart

Skeleton = bones connected by joints

• Functions of the skeleton: support, protection, movement.
• Movement: muscles contract

Reproduction: New baby after 9 months from fertilised egg

• foetus connected to the placenta by an umbilical cord.
• Menstrual cycle
• Adolescence: change into adulthood.
• Male reproductive system: sperm, sperm duct, the urethra, penis and testis
• Female reproductive system: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina.

The breathing system: Parts of the breathing system: the trachea, bronchus,

• bronchioles, lungs alveoli (air sacs).
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in alveoli
• Respiration: Oxygen + glucose gives carbon dioxide + water + energy
• Difference between inhaled an exhaled air
• Inhaling: thorax becomes bigger; Exhaling: thorax becomes smaller

Health. Microbes: bacteria viruses cause disease

• Natural immunity
• Immunisation/ vaccines
• Antibiotics
• Drugs & Medicines
• Smoking

• Photosynthesis
• Importance of minerals and water to plants
• Flower Organs
• Pollination
• Fertilisation in plants (ovule + pollen grain)
   

• Discontinuous and continuous variation
• Classification: Grouping based on features. Examples: vertebrates, invertebrates
• Vertebrates = birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, amphibians
• Identification keys
   

• Environmental factors: light, pH, temperature, etc
• Adaptations (to habitats, to daily and seasonal changes)
• Competition
• Populations and limiting factors (disease, food, light , predator - prey relations,etc)
• Food chains
• Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers in food chains, predators and prey in food chains
• Toxic materials in food chains
• Pyramids of number
   

• States if matter: solid, liquid, gas
• Changes of state: melting points, boiling points
• Particle theory: matter is made of particles which explain changes of state
• Density: measure of how heavy. density = mass / volume
• Elements: simple substances everything is made of , about 100, listed in the Periodic table
• Atoms make up elements
• Symbols: shorthand for writing elements, e.g. Na, C
• Types of elements: Metals & non- metals
• Compounds: made of two or more elements chemically combined
• Formulae, word equations and symbol equations are used to represent compounds and reactions.
• Mixtures: 2 or more elements mixed and not chemically combined
• Separating mixtures: filtration, distillation, chromatography

• Physical changes: No new substance is made (e.g. changes of state, dissolving).
• Dissolving: Solute (solid) + Solvent (liquid) = Solution
• Solubility: A measure of the amount of solid which can dissolve.
  Solubility is affected by temperature and other factors.
  - dilute solutions
  - saturated solutions
  - insoluble
• Weathering: Breakdown of surface rock. Weathering can be
  physical (freeze - thaw, onion skin) chemical (acid rain) or
  biological. Types of rock: Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
• The Rock Cycle
• Chemical changes: produce new materials, caused by chemical reactions
  - have reactants and products
  - plastic, fibres, ceramic are useful products of chemical reactions
• Chemical reactions:
• Mass conservation: In a chemical reaction,
• the total mass of material stays the same
• Chemical reactions form most materials, also take place in our bodies Metals corroding, fuels burning and food spoilage are results of chemical reactions
• Burning fossil fuels:
  such as coal, oil and gas affects the environment - such as global warming

• Metals:
  Metals react with oxygen, water, acids and oxides
• The reactivity series: a list of metals ranging from the most to the least reactive; Shows that some metals are more reactive than others.
• pH
  Solutions may be acidic, neutral or alkaline.
• The pH scale: a measure of the strength of an acid or alkali
• Acids
  Acid + base = salt + water (Neutralisation)
  Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
  Acid + carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide
• Uses of Neutralisation:< acid soil treatment, treating indigestion
• Environmental acids: such as acid rain cause weathering, corrode metals

• A complete circuit is needed for current to flow
• Series circuits, Parallel circuits
• Ammeters are used to measure current
• Voltmeters are used to measure voltage
• The battery supplies energy for the current
• Current is the same in all parts of a series circuit

• Magnetic materials are attracted to magnets
• Magnetic fields
• Magnetic Poles (like poles repel, unlike poles attract )
• Electromagnets and their uses

• Speed is distance travelled per second:
• Speed = distance / time
• Mass: how much matter an object contains
• Weight: force of gravity on the object
• Gravity (downward force)
• Balanced & unbalanced forces
• Representing forces with arrows
• Friction / air resistance
• Moments: turning force (moment = force x distance from pivot)
• Pressure: force acting on a particular area
  Pressure = force / area
  Smaller areas have more pressure

• Light travels in straight lines
• Shadows
• Reflection: Mirrors reflect light regularly
• Rough surfaces scatter light
• Luminous objects (how seen) : by light reflected into eyes
• Non-luminous objects: seen by light from luminous objects
• The spectrum - ROYGBIV
• Red objects absorb all colours and reflect only red
  (same goes for how we see other colours)
• The colour of an object also depends on the colour of light falling on it
• Colour filters (how they work)
• Black reflects no colours (absorbs all)
• Refraction
   
• Sound Sound is made by vibrations How the ear works (ear drum vibrates, etc..)
• Sound is measured in decibels Prolonged, loud sounds damage hearing
• Sound needs a medium to travel (cannot travel through a vacuum)
• Light travels much faster than sound
• Increasing amplitude increases loudness Increasing frequency increases pitch Sound can be reflected (echoes)

• The sun as the original source of all energy on earth
• Renewable and non - renewable energy resources such as
  Fossil fuels, biofuels, wind, waves.
• Generating electricity using energy resources
  Heat flows due to temperature differences
  The difference between heat and temperature
• How heat moves: conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation
  Law of energy conservation: energy can change into different forms, But is never lost
   

• Earth and Space
  The solar system
• Gravity holding planets in orbit
• The earth rotates causing night and day
• The earth orbits the sun having effects such as
  - seasons
  - different apparent positions in the sky
• Other planets and bodies in space are seen by the sun's reflected light
• Satellites and their uses

Tier 3-6

Revision of Biology, Chemistry and Physics

KS3 Science Revision Checklist

(from BBC)

Keep track of your revision! Print this sheet out, tick off the Revise Bites as you complete them, and record your Test scores in the boxes next to them